Criminal Law And Popular Culture - 1368 Words

Question #1 Criminal Law and Popular Culture With the increase in crime rates and application of criminal justice, it is factual that the filming industry has embraced the issue where more than quarter of the television dramas and films are based on crime and criminal justice. Most of these television programs and dramas exhibit values such as societal norms in law enforcement and agencies involved in criminal law. Therefore, messages conveyed in these TV programs are based on the real life law enforcement through legal processes, legal system adhered to, and the law enforcers involved. Basically, these television programs feature the knowledge on the legal system, law enforcers’ representations, legal rights, compliance, and victimization. Close scrutiny of these programs exhibits that they are just fictions on law enforcement in the real life setting. Thus, they depict law enforcers as moral people in the society who are qualified in attending to crimes. Therefore, one can assert that c riminal law helps the makers of these TV programs to draw a distinction between law enforcers and the criminals. Furthermore, it helps TV programs convey relevant information regarding the operation of the justice system. Citing from the CSI effect, it is perceptibly factual that TV shows/dramas that adhere to forensic investigation as a way of solving crimes are significantly affecting the criminal law in the contemporary CJS. Prosecutor andShow MoreRelatedCriminal Law And Popular Culture1367 Words   |  6 Pages Criminal Law and Popular Culture With the increase in crime rates and application of criminal justice, it is factual that the filming industry has embraced the issue where more than quarter of the television dramas and films are based on crime and criminal justice. Most of these television programs and dramas exhibit values such as societal norms in law enforcement and agencies involved in criminal law. Therefore, messages conveyed in these TV programs are based on the real life lawRead MoreRacial Segregation And Popular Culture1676 Words   |  7 Pagesin our attitudes. This leads to actions that are negatively interpreted in our cultures and diffuse in the media, which in turn, form prejudice and discrimination that structure systems to target minority groups. The two most frequent racial stereotypes in cultural and social agendas are popular culture and the media. Both frame images of African Americans and utilize the images to provide inequality. Popular culture reveals the white superiority and a racial hierarchy atmosphere in our societyRead MoreCrime and Forensic Psychology1117 Words   |  5 PagesBambam2 Because  crime is one of the more appealing themes in popular culture, the public receives a skewed version of crime. The public’s knowledge may be particularly lacking with regard to the entire field of criminology, the differences between blue-collar and white-collar crime, and the general perception of the incidence of crime in the United States. You are asked, as the public relations representative of your police department, to provide an information session on the field of criminologyRead MoreStereotypes And Generalizations Of African Americans1534 Words   |  7 PagesSince the United States’ inception, the negative stereotypes and generalizations of African Americans have been some of the worst examples of racism that has been extremely prevalent in American culture. African American stereotypes date back all the way to colonial American times, where African American slavery was considered to be accepted and practiced. Since then, black people in America have been treated horribly for stereotypes that have deep roots in the mistreatment of black people in AmericanRead MoreRealism and Idealism for the Godfather1166 Words   |  5 Pagesbefore. The way they talked so confident and cool to the way they looked so sharp and sophisticated. Although they were ruthless criminals, they had certain respectability towards t hem that no body could deny. Even though I was young and didnt quite understand all of the scenes I became infatuated with the movie the Godfather and went on to seeing a couple of other popular films like Goodfellaz, Casino, and Once upon a time in America. It is almost unreal how one movie can have such a big influenceRead More Realism and Idealism for the Godfather Essay1173 Words   |  5 Pagesbefore. The way they talked so confident and cool to the way they looked so sharp and sophisticated. Although they were ruthless criminals, they had certain respectability towards them that no body could deny. Even though I was young and didn’t quite understand all of the scenes I became infatuated with the movie the Godfather and went on to seeing a couple of other popular films like Goodfellaz, Casino, and Once upon a time in America. It is almost unreal how one movie can have such a big influenceRead MoreEssay about Jurors and Prosecution: Forensics in Pop Culture1264 Words   |  6 Pagesbeing damaging? Crime shows like the ever popular CSI:Crime Scene Investigation have started becoming significantly detrimental to criminal cases, influencing their perceptions of what should realistically be going on. This includes mostly jurors with acquittal rates and wrongful convictions, but researchers have also started to find a rising fault in the prosecution. In the following literature review, scholarly and peer-reviewed journals, articles from popular news media, and surveys have been synthesizedRead MoreDescriptive Essay - Original Writing1594 Words   |  7 Pagesbecome part of our culture? Sure the placement of the 2nd amendment might have conveyed the image of manly men carrying guns to their local Taverns but in Bellesiles’s â€Å"The Journal of American History† guns were costly and strictly regulated to wealthy white Protestants. Even if guns were obtained, the intruder or enemy would have been bludgeoned to death before the gun could be properly loaded. According to an interview of Bellesiles, he argues that America’s extreme gun culture gained popularityRead MoreDrug Usage In America Essay969 Words   |  4 Pagesplayed a role in American culture. History of Drug Use Drugs have been part of the American culture as far back as the 1800’s. Using drugs for medicinal purposes existed before the 1800’s but it was during the years 1850 to 1914 when America suffered from what was considered the first epidemic of drug use. Opium During the 1800’s one of the medicinal uses of opiates was targeted toward women for the treatment of â€Å"female troubles†. Another interesting aspect of the culture was that alcohol consumptionRead MoreProhibition and the Effect on America756 Words   |  3 Pagescontrol alcoholism in America. I chose to do prohibition because the fact that the action taken by the federal government in order to form a better society has led to an explosion of criminal offences in the past as well as today. The effects of prohibition consistently offer a hand in the shaping of American culture. Full-fledged black markets and organized crime groups both offset the supposed benefits of prohibition. Today, teenagers often turn to the underage consumption of alcohol to make them

media’s responsibilities Essay - 2241 Words

Discuss the media’s responsibilities when it comes to reporting on Indigenous citizens or minority ethnic groups. Taking into account both journalism’s â€Å"fourth estate† function and its privileged position in the public sphere, consider why the issue of setting guidelines for â€Å"race reporting† is an often divisive one. Be sure to refer to the readings set for relevant topics. llustrate your discussion with references to specific cases where relevant. Reporting on the minority ethnics groups and on the indigenous people has been an ongoing issue since ages. The whole aspect of ‘reporting the indigenous’ has been a much discussed and debatable subject. Along with the race reporting system, comes the power, role and responsibilities of the†¦show more content†¦In these cases, what would have been fair enough was to think a bit about how the portrayals of the media would have had impacts on those people who were innocent. Media reporting is also known as the ‘shaping opinion device’. When we talk about aborigines, people have the tendency to link them with petrol-sniffing, unemployment and drunkardness (Johnson, 2009). People living in Australia or anywhere else are unaware or even know little about the lives, cultures and attitudes about the aborigines in Australia. Thus media, as the ultimate power is there to shape the opinions about the people through their provided images, symbols and messages; in a way to act the voice of the voiceless-aborigines (Johnson, 2009). People will base their opinions on what and how the media is showing and broadcasting the news. Here the news angle is a good example to talk about. The media need to know about proper story selection. They should not like portray aborigines only when they are faulty and relate to it again when another aborigine has committed a crime. This will make the rest of the world think that all aborigines are alike and they have on ly to do with crimes and if we see to it, people have based their perceptions. Media and its power of shaping opinions in a way socially construct images and the readers swallow those â€Å"truths† without knowing if it is the entire truth or part of it. A further example can be that of Louis St. John case study.Show MoreRelatedMedia Ethics, The Authoritarian Theory And Social Responsibility Theory Essay1076 Words   |  5 Pagesmedia and its responsibilities, in this paper I am going to have a debate about the responsibilities of the media to the public and how we should be watchful of the information we taking part in. There is two main theories in media ethics, the authoritarian theory and Social responsibility theory. The authoritarian theory press was seen as a very controlling tool, and those in authority used it to convey only that information that they wanted the public to know. Social responsibility theory of mediaRead MorePay Structure In The Entertainment Industry. Primarily,751 Words   |  4 Pages This makes it very clear, that there is barely any discrimination in the pay structure of a man and a woman. The media allots roles to the individuals as per the scripts made and the character required. Also, it pays an individual as per the responsibility and the role assigned. Article 14 of the Indian Constitution states that attaining equality in its literal sense is not possible, only proportionate equality can be attained. In the present case media makes use of â€Å"intelligible differentia† andRead MoreHow Does The Media Portray Happiness?1197 Words   |  5 Pagesself-pres entation. But now brands such as Coca-Cola, McDonalds and†¦ sell us the highly sought after ideal of happiness. Many businesses are already practicing socially responsibility by focusing on the environment, philanthropy or ethical labor. For example, in 2013 Microsoft was ranked number one in best corporate social responsibility programs through their philanthropy efforts. As only a part of their efforts, they have contributed to connecting hundreds of millions of youth with opportunities forRead MoreThe Media And Its Responsibilities2403 Words   |  10 PagesThe Media and its Responsibilities The word media comes from Latin and means the means of communication, as radio and Television, newspapers, and magazines that reach or influence people widely. 1575-85; Latin: the middle, noun use of neuter of medius middle. (dictionary.com) Media gives the world information, reporting what is happening around you. Media can give you fame or ruin you. Media is considered the most influential outlet sources that exist to mankind, having the most power and a greatRead MoreThe Humanitarian Intervention Of The Early Cold War3612 Words   |  15 Pageswas in fact a historical decision against a full functioning sovereign state and the use of large force since the combined operation in Kosovo by the NATO in 1999. Meanwhile a new dynamic norm emerged in the international law arena, called the â€Å"Responsibility to Protect† R2P whose progress has continued rapidly since the report publication by the international Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty ICISS in 2001.Until Libya, the great logic of R2P bomb was substituted by the edginess fromRead MoreDefinition of Csr1234 Words   |  5 Pagessignificant issue that most firms have been actively involved in is Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Some may debate that it decreases company’s profits by spending much money on CSR. However, according to Needle (200 4), ‘good’ CSR is also good for business, a firm could benefit from doing CSR. Thus, this paper aims to explain its importance. It begins with the definition of CSR and its four responsibilities, then presents how it influences a business and benefits it can bring. Finally, I amRead MoreCultural Norms, Fair Lovely, and Advertising.2119 Words   |  9 Pagesproposition† value that needs to be a branding parameter that has to be communicated. Focus on cooperate social responsibilities are a way of building up and keeping relationships with the customer, government, and other nongovernmental organizations which is essential because India is a relationship oriented country. HLL should not only be motivated by economic profits, but also by social responsibility, there are many opportunities for marketing towards the poor and to improve their image. (Karnani, 2007)Read MoreIntroduction. Defining Corporate Social Responsibility1254 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Defining corporate social responsibility or CSR can be as simple as a business that practices benefiting society (Caramela, 2016). Good CSR is one that is constructive to the entire business practices with the community. Sony is a Japanese based electronic store that has ventured to other countries worldwide. They create the newest and latest technology to compete with other competitors and to satisfy their consumer’s curiosity. The company’s mission statement declares, â€Å"To be aRead MoreTop Down And Bottom Up1523 Words   |  7 Pagesbrings significant revenues to this company, consists of six regions managed by six vice presidents, including Richard Bennett, vice president of the South East region. Since his joining in Centurion Cable TV division, Bennett had the primary responsibility in negotiating franchises where his team was operating. Under the management of Terrence Moore, his ex-president, Bennett was delegated to make his own decision as long as it met the company’s goals and objectives. However, the problems happenedRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility Paper5866 Words   |  24 PagesSocial Responsibility (CSR) the more difficult it is to define. And as long as it remains difficult to define, it will be difficult to communicate and enforce. Part of the difficulty lies in the fact that one is faced with a series of questions related to corporate social responsibility, human rights and the law along a parallel path of considering the importance of profits, business innovation and market share. Just what is the role of business as it pertains to social responsibility? Corporations

DSI-Cloud Computing

Questions: 1. Discuss the requirements for remote administration, resource management and SLA management. It may be useful to consider Morad and Dalbhanjans operational checklists for DSIs OSDS. This section should be no more than two to three pages in length. 2. Discuss briefly how you will consider application resilience, backup and disaster recovery for your chosen provider in relation to OSDS. This section should be no more than two to three pages in length. 3. Use Erls SLA guidelines to assess the SLA for your chosen provider. This section should be no more than two to three pages in length. 4. Provide a covering one to two page executive summary of these two assessments to DSI Executive Management and summarise the major opportunities and risks that have been identified in your assessments. Answers: Introduction This article is about a government related department DSI. It provides critical data to the government department as well as it spread data to the public area. It is necessary that the data given by the DSI should be correct, i.e. If DSI will give any false statement to government or to the public, and then it will affect the reputation of the government as well to DSI department. The rate of the data is booming at high peak as the population is increasing. To manage the large chunk of data, the DSI is deciding to shift its business from OSDS to cloud computing form. The DSI wants to select a system which is reliable, and also it should be risk-free. The DSI wants to take a perfect decision on the architecture, and on the model used for cloud computing (Almutairi, Ghafoor, 2014). This implementation of this decision requires a lot of the investment cost, so the DSI wants to take a perfect and fruitful decision. Any incorrect decision will lead to loss of investment cost as well as i t can harm the data stored in the database, and further, it will cause loss to the DSI department as well as it will affect the reputation of the department and government. There are various requirements related to resource management, remote administration, and SLA management The various cloud computing deployment models that vary with their architecture Public cloud computing: This is based on a pay per use technology. The customer has to pay by the application, data, or services used by them (Wang, 2015). The setup of this method is inexpensive. This is a cheap method because all the applications cost, hardware tool cost, and software tool cost are managed by the cloud provider. There is no any wastage of resources, as the customer uses the resources depending on the requirement and pay for the resources depending on the use. It is a less expensive method as compare to the other models. Private cloud computing: These are managed by the internal providers. In the organizations, there are separate team for handling this service of cloud computing. It is used for critical data, and it is an expensive method. It is different from a private model, because it is accessed by the unique organization. Hybrid cloud provider: It is a combination of both private as well as public cloud. These are managed by internal as well as by external providers. It is managed by the internal as well as by the external cloud providers. Community cloud: It is accessed by the limited cloud users. If those specific customers, give access to the external entities or users for accessing the data then they can also access the data from the cloud servers. Inter-cloud: It is a combination of more than two clouds, which are interrelated with each other. The DSI should adopt the Hybrid model because it is a combination of both private and public cloud computing models. If DSI goes for private, then it is an expensive method, and it needs a lot of investment costs. If DSI goes for public, then it is not safe as the DSI has to send information to the public, and government and the data are very critical and sensitive, and it needs to be placed confidentially (Avram, 2014). Then, it should opt for the hybrid as the less sensitive data should be placed on the public cloud, and important data should be placed on the private cloud so that outsiders cant play with the crucial information. The different cloud computing delivery models are: IaaS-Infrastructure as a Service: They provide a full control over the cloud computing environment. It is a safe model, as the data used by the cloud users is monitored (by the IaaS). It also helps in managing the software as well as hardware requirements, required by the different cloud customers. PaaS-Platform as a Service: They provide a limited control on the cloud computing environment. SaaS-Software as a Service: They provide a very limited control on the cloud computing environment. It doesnt provide support in managing the customer requirements. DSI should opt for Infrastructure as a Service model. It provides proper monitoring of the data (accessed by the cloud users). It also helps in, managing, and creating the applications, and hardware and software needs (Almutairi, Ghafoor, 2014). Also, it monitors the whole cloud computing environment carefully. Both the models and architecture are mentioned in the SLA. This agreement also contains the capacity, speed, performance, throughput, etc. that the cloud providers are going to provide to the users. The various steps related to application resilience, disaster recovery, and backup management. In case of cloud computing (mostly in case of private cloud), the information can be updated or damaged by the attackers. Prevention is better than cure. The DSI data are very important, and it should be placed and managed in a secure manner. The DSI should place the critical data in a private place so that hackers cant affect the data. The DSI should place the important information on the private cloud and the cloud server should be monitored by the team of the organization, and other data should be placed in the public cloud. The DSI can use a firewall to make the data safer. A Firewall is a combination of software as well as hardware, and it is used for securing the data from the outsiders attack. Also, the proper backup of the information should be taken, and copies should be placed in the data centers (within the organization, and the data centers present outside of the organization). The various security and government requirement required for this plan (for disaster management): Backup of the data: The backup of the data should be taken for the safety purpose. The replicated copies of the data should be placed on the internal as well as on the external servers. Encryption: It can be public key encryption or it can be private key encryption. In case of private key encryption, the sender and receiver both have private keys. In case of public key encryption, the sender has a public key, but the receiver has a private key (Choo, 2014). The sender sends the encrypted data to the receiver, and the receiver access the data by decoding or unlocking it (by using private key). The encrypted file should be placed on the cloud server so that it can access or used only by the valid and authorized person. Authentication: The proper Id should be given to all employees for accessing the server data and access given to different employees vary depending upon the ID given to the employees. Firewall: It should be placed on the servers, so that the data cant be interrupted by the outsiders. Any authorized person cant able to access the data. Password: A strong password should be created by the employees who are accessing cloud servers. The password should contain characters, symbols, special characters, and numbers; so that it can be easily hacked. Moreover, two-time verification technique should be used (while creating the password). The employee who is creating their ID for the data server has to create a password and also the employee has to enter the number (verification code that the person receives on the mobile). This provides safety as the theft cant access the data until the theft can hack the phone of the person (earlier, the verification code sent to that phone). System logs: The system should manage the log time and duration of accessing the database. The various guidelines related to SLA: Cloud source: The party that requires this service or the users. Cloud provider: The party that provides this facility, the party can be a part of the organization, or it can be outsiders. Cloud server: The place which is used for placing and managing the data. Pay-Per-Use: The more the person uses the service, the more amounts the person has to pay to the providers. Log: A log should be maintained for recording the services used by the cloud users. SLA: It is an agreement between both the parties, i.e. between the cloud provider, and between the cloud customers. This agreement contains the capacity, speed, performance, throughput, etc. that the cloud providers are going to provide to the users. The DSI should make an agreement for the hybrid architecture and for IaaS model. Conclusion The DSI data are very important and it should be placed and managed in a secure manner. The DSI should place the critical data in a private place so that hackers cant affect the data. The DSI should adopt the Hybrid model, because it is a combination of both private and public cloud computing models (Avram, 2014). If DSI goes for private then it is an expensive method, and it needs lots of the investment cost. If DSI goes for public, then it is not safe as the DSI has to send information to the public, and government and the data are very critical and sensitive and it needs to be placed confidentially. Then, it should opt for the hybrid as the less sensitive data should be placed on the public cloud, and important data should be placed on the private cloud so that outsiders cant play with the crucial information. DSI should opt for Infrastructure as a Service model. It also helps in managing and creating the applications, and hardware and software needs. Also, it monitors the whole c loud computing environment carefully. References Almutairi, A. Ghafoor, A. (2014). Risk-Aware Virtual Resource Management for Multitenant Cloud Datacenters. IEEE Cloud Comput., 1(3), 34-44. Avram, M. (2014). Advantages and Challenges of Adopting Cloud Computing from an Enterprise Perspective. Procedia Technology, 12, 529-534. Chen, J., Han, J., Deng, Y., Zhong, H., Wang, N., Li, Y. et al. (2015). Wisdom as a Service for Mental Health Care. IEEE Transactions On Cloud Computing, 1-1. Choo, K. (2014). A Cloud Security Risk-Management Strategy. IEEE Cloud Comput., 1(2), 52-56. Madria, S. Sen, A. (2015). Offline Risk Assessment of Cloud Service Providers. IEEE Cloud Comput., 2(3), 50-57. Pawtucket. (2014). Patient Portal Increases Communication Between Patients and Providers. (2014). BVCHC. Retrieved 19 April 2016, Raghavendra, G. (2012). Impact of adapting Cloud Computing Technology in health care industry. Sri Lanka Journal Of Bio-Medical Informatics, 2(4). Ritu Sharma, Manu Sood,. (2011). Enhancing Cloud SAAS Development with Model Driven Architecture. International Journal On Cloud Computing: Services And Architecture, 1(3), 89-102. Wang, Y. (2015). Cloud-dew architecture. International Journal Of Cloud Computing, 4(3), 199. Weinman, J. (2016). Hybrid Cloud Economics. IEEE Cloud Comput., 3(1), 18-22.

Essay on William Shakespeare s Hamlet The Madness Of Hamlet Essay Example For Students

Essay on William Shakespeare s Hamlet The Madness Of Hamlet Essay â€Å"Have more than you show, speak more than you know†, a quote from King Lear, written by the great man himself William Shakespeare, explaining how you may have lots but show little and you may not know a lot of things, but put forth that you do. Such as in Hamlet, the entire play is themed around dramatic irony and how you show more but the characters know less. This affects everyone in the play, and directly coincides with the madness of Hamlet. From Act 5 Scene 2 the quote â€Å"Let four captains/Bear Hamlet like a soldier to the stage,/For he was likely, had he been put on,/To have prov’d most royal; and for his passage,/The soldiers music and the rite of war/ Speak loudly for him./Take up the bodies. Such a sight at this/Becomes the field, but here shows much amiss. /Go, bid the soldiers shoot† has a direct impact on the context of the whole play. It examines how Hamlet has changed to a â€Å"soldier†, how the plot changes and how the conflict of the play is challenged. All together these things and the quote both contribute to the theme of the play, which is madness, and the complexity of action. â€Å"To thine own self be true† is what we are taught yet it seems like hamlet wants the exact opposite. In the beginning of the play, Hamlet is seen as mad, and as we know in the beginning he exclaims to â€Å"put an antic disposition on† meaning he was going to act strangely, and by strangely he was meaning more mad than normal. And somewhere in the play he seemed to actually turn mad, this goes along with all of the theories saying that Hamlet is mentally ill, to pretend to be mad and have been through what Hamlet has, with his father’s death and then being told by the ghost of his father to â€Å"Revenge his foul and most unnatural murther† meaning t. .inst the theme, it is a very subtle, easy quote to say, there is no hard words, or complexity involved. Almost to say that finally the complexity of the life of Hamlet is over. Hamlet changes dramatically throughout the entire play from a mad man to a soldier, from having the ambition to kill Claudius to actually doing it and of course having his madness affect the complexity of everything he does. All these things intertwined and greatly influenced by â€Å"Let four captains/Bear Hamlet like a soldier to the stage,/For he was likely, had he been put on,/To have prov’d most royal; and for his passage,/The soldiers music and the rite of war/ Speak loudly for him. /Take up the bodies. Such a sight at this/Becomes the field, but here shows much amiss. /Go, bid the soldiers shoot†. Sometimes it’s not what you say that affects someone; it’s your actions that stick in a mind.

Wuthering Heights Essays (1582 words) - British Films,

Wuthering Heights The series of events in Emily Bronte's early life psychologically set the tone for her fictional novel Wuthering Heights. Early in her life while living in Haworth, near the moors, her mother died. At the time she was only three. At the age of nineteen, Emily moved to Halifax to attend Law Hill School. There is confusion as of how long she stayed here, suggestions ranging from a minimum of three months to a maximum of eighteen months. However long, it was here where she discovered many of the ideas and themes used in Wuthering Heights. Halifax, just like the Yorkshire moors of York, can be described as bleak, baron, and bare. The moors are vast, rough grassland areas covered in small shrubbery. The atmosphere that Emily Bronte encompassed herself in as a young adult, reflects the setting she chose for Wuthering Heights. The setting used throughout the novel Wuthering Heights, helps to set the mood to describe the characters. We find two households separated by the cold, muddy, and barren moors, one by the name of Wuthering Heights, and the other Thrushcross Grange. Each house stands alone, in the mist of the dreary land, and the atmosphere creates a mood of isolation. In Emily Bronte's novel Wuthering Heights, there are two places where virtually all of the action takes place. These two places, Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange differ greatly in appearance and mood. These differences reflect the universal conflict between storm and calm that Emily Bronte develops as the theme in her novel Wuthering Heights. Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange both represent several opposing properties which bring about all sorts of bad happenings when they clash. For example, the inhabitants of Wuthering Heights were that of the working class, while those of Thrushcross Grange were high up on the social ladder. The people of Wuthering Heights aspired to be on the same level as the Lintons. This is evident by Heathcliff and Catherine when the peek through their window. In addition, Wuthering Heights was always in a state of storminess while Thrushcross Grange always seemed calm. Wuthering Heights, and its surroundings, depicts the cold, dark, and evil side of life. Bronte chooses well, the language that she uses in Wuthering Heights. Even the title of her book holds meaning. The very definition of the word wuthering may be viewed as a premonitory indication of the mysterious happenings to be experienced by those inhabiting the edifice.1 Wuthering Heights, built in 1500, suffers from a kind of malnutrition: its thorns have become barren, its firs stunted, everything seems to crave for the ?alms of the sun' that sustain life.2 This tenebrous home is decorated with crumbling griffins over the front of the main door.3 Its lack of congeniality and warmth is augmented by stone floors. 4 The windows are set deep in the wall, and the corners defended with large jutting stones. Although Wuthering Heights, the land of the storm, sits high on the barren moorland, The world of Wuthering Heights is a world of sadism, violence, and wanton cruelty.5 It is the tenants of the Wuthering Heights that bring the storm to the house. The Earnshaw family, including Heathcliff, grew up inflicting pain on one another. Pinching, slapping and hair pulling occur constantly. Catherine, instead of shaking her gently, wakes Nelly Dean, the servant of the house, up by pulling her hair. The Earnshaw children grow up in a world where human beings, like the trees, grow gnarled and dwarfed and distorted by the inclement climate.6 Wuthering Heights is parallel to the life of Heathcliff. Both Heathcliff and Wuthering Heights began as lovely and warm, and as time wore on both withered away to become less of what they once were. Heathcliff is the very spirit of Wuthering Heights. Healthcliff is a symbol of Wuthering Heights, the cold, dark, and dismal dwelling. The authors use of parallel personifications to depict specific parts of the house as analogous to Heathcliff's face reveal stunning insights into his character.7 Emily Bronte describes Wuthering Heights having narrow windows deeply set in the wall, and the corners defended with large jutting stones.8 This description using the characteristics of Wuthering Heights is adjacent to Heathcliff when he is illustrated having, black eyes withdrawn so suspiciously under their brow.9 Heathcliff lived in a primal identification with nature, from the rocks, stones, trees, the heavy skies and eclipsed sun, which environs him. There is no true separation from the setting of nature for Heathcliff and the lives

Essay on Entrepreneurship in the Global Environment

Essay on Entrepreneurship in the Global Environment Essay on Entrepreneurship in the Global Environment Essay on Entrepreneurship in the Global EnvironmentBasing on Stokes, Wilson and Mador (2010), and Deakings and Freel (2009), Entrepreneurship as the process of organizing the production of goods and services to meet the constantly renewed demand and receive profit, as well as a function of managing this process factually represents the force of creative destruction that acts in the market and in production creating at the same time new products and business models. In this regard we find the most appropriate American economist Joseph Schumpeter’s definition of an entrepreneur as a person who is trying to turn a new idea or invention into a successful innovation (Zimmerer and Scarborough, 2005). Indeed, a good barometer of the entrepreneurial skills of a manager is one’s reaction to the new strategic possibilities, the way one perceives innovations of other companies, one’s actions to improve the organization’s performance. Managers endowed with the talent of entrepreneurship are usually the pioneers who quickly perceive all the innovations, take a certain share of risk, and initiate radically new strategies. Further in this paper, we will discuss the entrepreneurial skills of the two prominent representatives of this class Baron Marcel Bich, the founder of the brands Bic and Cricket, the pioneer of the market of disposable items of daily use, and Akio Morita, the founder of the Sony Corporation, one of the leaders of innovation in the electronics market.Marcel Bich profileRelying on Landrum’s (1993) research, Marcel Bich’s (1914-1994) career in manufacturing pens began in 1939 as he took the position of an executive sales manager at Stephens, the largest French company in this segment and the main competitor to Waterman in France, but was interrupted by the war. After its end in 1945, Bich had to fight for his well-being, and at the time together with his friend Edouard Buffard they spent their last $1000 to buy the ru ndown premises in Clichy, where they started producing ink reservoirs for ballpoint pens. Despite huge demand, ballpoint pen was an expensive and unreliable novelty, and that experience made Baron Marcel Bich think about creating cheap disposable pens. Therefore, the next four years he spent developing the first Bic pen improving its functionality and calculating the value of the product that would not make its owner feel sorry to throw it away (Landrum, 1993).In 1950, Marcel Bich for the first time proposed the sample to six companies for whom he produced ink reservoirs. One of these companies was a major and respected US firm Waterman, which Bich later acquired. He gave these firms the opportunity to be the first to introduce his idea, paying his company only the royalty but they refused to take risks saying that he did not understand the specificities of the complex global distribution system. Bich had to choose one of three options: to forget about his idea; to produce the produ ct on his own and sell it through small distributors; or start his own company to produce pens and arrange his own distribution system. As a true entrepreneur, Marcel Bich decided to create his own business, and since then the way people write in the world changed forever.Having set the price for a disposable ballpoint pen at 29 cents, while the prices for pens of the rival firms ranged between $9 and $12.95, the company achieved astonishing sales in the first 3 years distributing 200,000-250,000 pens per day. By the mid-1960’s Bich was producing more than a billion pens a year, and managed to reduce safely their price to 10 cents. Acquisition of Biro-Swan, Bellograf and Waterman Pen helped the company to reach the British, Australian, New Zealand, Canadian, and American markets where Bich introduced his extensive distribution network. For example, in the United States, he created 300,000 retail outlets, representing 93% of all retail sales in the US, and thus captured 60% of the market in the United States (Landrum, 1993).Later, Marcel Bich extended his success in pens to lighters and shavers, leaving behind in this segment such large competitors as Gillette, and now is trying to introduce a one-off perfumes. Today, Societe Bic sells over three billion ballpoint pens a year (one million per day in the United States alone) and dominates the market for pens and lighters in most countries of the world (BIC Official Website, 2014).Akio Morita profileThe man of the same era, Akio Morita (1921-1999), a brilliant representative of a completely different industry and culture of doing business, who nevertheless also stands at the origin of a large innovation. Studying electronics from an early age, Morita wanted to establish a company that would prove it belonged to firms that create innovative products. In 1947, Ibuka, Maeda and Akio Morita became partners and founded the Tokyo Telecommunications Engineering Corporation (SONY since 1958) with a capital of $500 (Morita, 1986). Their first product was a device for cooking rice. They produced one hundred pieces but did not sell a single one. A similar case was their first Japanese tape recorder (Collins and Porras, 2004). The company was close to bankruptcy, and the reason was that they knew how to design and manufacture products, but had no idea how to sell it. And here is when Akio Morita’s entrepreneurial skills revealed themselves.Having taken over the department of foreign trade and marketing at Sony, Morita personally did not invent a single product. His contribution was the innovative market strategy and discovering the potential market opportunities. Thus, Morita was an advocate for Sony’s pocket-sized radio (the first to be fully transistorized), the first transistor television in the world, the first home video recorder, and surely, the world’s first portable music player Walkman introduced in 1979 (Collins and Porras, 2004). With 75 different versions and mor e than 20 million users, the Walkman became one of the most famous products of the company, despite the fact that when the company’s engineers conducted the first research, they concluded that people would not buy this device because it lacked recording function and just played music (Morita, 1986; Collins and Porras, 2004). Intuition told Akio Morita that his product would be in demand. Moreover, his successful marketing of the Walkman managed to introduce the idea of â€Å"Japaneseness† into the global culture, which since then became synonymous with product miniaturization and application of latest technologies (Collins and Porras, 2004).Since 1960, Sony has been the first to implement new ideas in virtually every segment of the consumer electronics market. This commitment to innovation made Sony the most innovative company for three decades from the 50’s to the 70’s (Collins and Porras, 2004). Following the vision of Akio Morita, the company was also aggressively expanding into the new markets. As a result, Sony annual income increased from $2.5 million in 1955 to $128.36 billion in 2014. In 2012, Sony was ranked 87th on the Fortune Global 500 List, and the variety of marketing efforts it engages make it one of the worlds largest and most pervasive corporations of all time (Sony Official Website, 2014).Rationalization of choiceBoth Akio Morita and Marcel Bich are clearly the examples of outstanding entrepreneurial skills and are worthy of recognition. Being farsighted innovators in their industries, they made their companies leaders in the market segment.Thus, Marcel Bich is more than anyone responsible for the emergence of disposable culture. His purposeful ingenuity changed the spending habits of society and the way people use writing instruments, lighters and safety razors worldwide. His creative destruction of static markets was a brilliant innovation. Similar to BIC, Sony traditionally has been remarkable for establishing i ts own in-house standards for innovation in recording and storage rather than taking on those of other producers and standards agencies. Sony (alone and with partners) has brought in several of the most used recording formats such as floppy disk, Compact Disc, and Blu-ray Disc.Precisely identifying the current needs of society, Akio Morita and Marcel Bich ignored the establishment in their quest for new and better ways. Different in their specificity, these two leaders were similar in their mentality: intuition relied on striving to achieve goals at any cost, and destruction of old patterns were part of the way to success. The deeper analysis and comparison of their management approaches are presented below.Essay on Entrepreneurship in the Global Environment  part 2

Career development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 3

Career development - Essay Example A large number of studies have shown that there is strong relationship between academic performance and self-efficacy beliefs of an individual. Self-efficacy reflects in every action of a student including their activities, extent of hard work, performance, behavior and determination during tough times. Thus, this paper aims to enhance and investigate the extent of self-efficacy and for this purpose, a few exercises have been provided including action plan for improving self-efficacy as well as psychometric tests. Having high self-efficacy allows a student to make reasonable success in academics whereas low self-efficacy causes a student to avoid tasks. It has been argued that individuals having high self-efficacy work harder, accept challenges, and stay determined during complex situations. Prior mentioned personal development plan has been created in order to improve self-efficacy in the areas of self-confidence, academic performance, and employability skills. It must be borne in mind that these three elements play a vital role in enhancing and expanding self-efficacy. Therefore, a few activities have been provided for each of the element in order to enhance overall self-efficacy of an individual. First, for making some improvements in academics, one has to plan how to handle varying courses so as to take good grades in each one of them. If there is an option to select courses on our own, then course selection must be balanced. For instance, a couple of complex courses can be taken with two or three easy courses. Apart from courses, a student needs to participate in seminars, debates, and presentation in order to get the snapshot of real world scenarios and to stay in touch with current events. Students also need to improve their reading and writing skills as well as keep a daily schedule of everyday studies. Building self-confidence is another important field. Self-confidence can be enhanced

How German Conservative helped the Nazi Party to come to power Essay

How German Conservative helped the Nazi Party to come to power - Essay Example Hitler encouraged militarism, national pride and working wholeheartedly towards a racially â€Å"Pure† German. Initially, through conservatism approach, Hitler meant what he was for a racially pure German. The pure breed conservatism approach seemingly changed the general view of German Conservatives to the social-cultural existence of the German communities. Hitler, through the pure breed notion of the German race, condemned the Jews fiercely exploiting their anti-Semitic feelings than had in the time immemorial prevailed over Europe for centuries. He changed the name of the German Worker’s Party to the National Socialist German Worker’s Party and finally to the Nazi Party (NSPDAP). Towards the end of 1920, Nazi Party had registered 3000 memberships. By 1921, Hitler fully took control of Nazi Party as their conservative leader (Fuhrer). How did Nazi Germany treat disabled people? The Nazi launched a hugely innate propaganda campaign against mental and physically incapacitated Germans. The Nazi German, through all these propaganda, killed, persecuted and isolated that individual whose genes were incompatible with the ideal German populace genes. The disabled individuals in German culture did not fit into the Nazi typecast of the pure Aryan, which is a physically fit populace with an adversely loyal mind to oblige the Reich. Overly, the Nazi Party viewed the disabled part of a social system as a burden since were unproductive and unable to work thus, in most cases, drained the state resources.

Postmodernism and Christianity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Postmodernism and Christianity - Essay Example Thesis Postmodernism odds with religion as it unveils realities of life, it is ironic and playful in contrast to dogmatic and strict religious rules. Postmodernism is defined as an artistic style emerged in opposition to "modern" traditions: it is more ornamental and ironic. With the rise of academic postmodernism and the growing influence of the political attitudes of the 1960s (both of which actually come after the post-war experimental avant-garde had established many new techniques in the arts), many artists became extraordinarily sensitive about their theoretical, and their political, position. Postmodernism odds with religion because religion rejects its main principles and rules. In this case, an idea of God which gives each of these two alternatives its due, while not succumbing to their temptations (Connor 92). Since the Bible speaks of God in symbols, part of biblical theology's contribution might be to elucidate the meaning of these symbols in our current cultural context. This is the hermeneutical task; to show what the Bible now means by what once it meant. Believers wish to share in the task of thinking towards an ad equate idea of God by undertaking an examination of the symbol "Father" as applied to God in the teaching of Jesus (Bataille and Hurley 43). The term ‘weak’ culture means that people differ in geographical location and in statistical terms. â€Å"Strong† culture means a desire of postmodern artists to make the world realistic. There is no such notion as truth. Postmodernist thought, in attacking the idea of a notional centre or dominant ideology, facilitated the promotion of a politics of difference. Under postmodern conditions, the ordered class politics preferred by socialists has given way to a far more diffuse and pluralistic identity politics, which often involves the self-conscious assertion of a marginalized identity against the dominant discourse (Connor 40). Much feminist thought therefore has in common with postmodernism that it attacks the legitimating metadiscourse used by males, designed to keep them in power, and it seeks an individual empowerment against this. This is the key to creativity in the individual. This evidence for the growth of an individual through the socialization process is neglected by 'social construction' theorists of the self (Bataille and Hurley 88). The cultural context of the father figure is lively and confused. The father and Jesus is the source of all morals and religion; every human being must work through his or her relationship to the father on the way to maturity. Religion and morals are merely ways in which the repressed memory of this deed finds expression. Thus the dead and repressed father, whose figure each one of us internalizes and thereby makes into a source of authority, is more powerful than the living one. However, the father may not be as central to our psychic life. He regards the vanishing of the father as the outcome of a long process, which can be traced in art and literature (Connor 39). Postmodernists critique foundational approaches to language and often attempt to reconceptualize objectivity rather than to reject it entirely or to replace it with subjectivity. Such reconceptualization

How The Internet Changed Our Lives

How The Internet Changed Our Lives Electronic communication system is an array of systems that can help us transmit the information over long distances, in electronic format, i.e., in the form of flow of electronic current. Electronic communication can include the types of various forms of the communication types. They can be radio communication, internet communication, mobile phone communication, landline phone communication etc. The electronic communication is now an integral part of the human life and the scope of this communication is beyond limits. Electronic communication has brought the world too near and no corner is beyond the reach of one or the other communication forms. From Letters to e-mails and web communications, the progress is noteworthy. Television and radio communication have enabled the spread of mass media to a very large extent. The revolution of the electronic communication started with the invention of the telegraph. The only limiting factor in the case was the need of copper wires for transmission, which proved costly. But the advent of radio communication proved a boon in the case for far away and distant communications. After the expansion of the radio spectrums, the possibilities in the fields of the wireless communications have given various potentials for communication systems. The essence of making each and everything accessible, communicable, and reachable within a few clicks has been made possible by something known as INTERNET. This is the keyword of the topic of the term paper, and as such, much of the emphasis would be given on this topic, over the other forms of electronic communication systems. Internet has led to an economic prosperity, and the development of intelligent search engines has enabled man to search for any information within a few clicks and in a matter of micro seconds. The World Wide Web, which is known as www, is growing exuberantly. It already has billions of pages, and is growing at the rate of millions of pages per day. Hardly is there any sort of topic which has no finding on the internet. Computers are already an integral part of our life, and as such, the internet has enabled the users to connect on a worldwide level. Communication System A communication system has various channels which are staged in such a way that communication is carried out with the most possible efficiency. A typical communication system has the following channels: Transmitter Medium Receiver Transmitter: this unit mainly functions for the conversion of a signal into the form which can be transmitted over further distances. This may include Transducers, amplifiers, modulators etc. Medium: this is the channel in which the signal propagates. This is mostly air in wireless communications. While radio waves can propagate in any medium, including vacuum. This is sometimes referred to as PROPAGATION channel, or PHYSICAL channel. The most recent development is in the form of OFCs, the optic fibre cable, which as a high efficiency, and enormous speed. Receiver: this unit receives the signal, converts it to the desired form for reception, and presents it to the receiving end. This unit includes antenna assembly, amplifiers, demodulators, receiver units etc. There are some important aspects in the electronic communication systems which can be highlighted: Modulation: the process of imposition of weak signal over a strong carrier signal is known as modulation. Modulation generally requires the use of high frequency signals, as the low frequency signals cannot be transmitted over long distances. Modulation also helps in conversion of the digital signals to analog forms for transmission over a distance. AM, FM and PM are the forms of modulation. FM is the most used forms of modulations in the general forms of communications. Analog and Digital signals: these are the properties of signals which distinguish them b/w continuous of discrete signals. Analog signals are continuous signals, which are defined at each and every instant of time, while the digital signals are discrete signals. They are defined only after a particular interval of time. Here, the blue continuous lines represent the analog signal, while the red dotted patterns show the digital or discrete values of the signals. Types of modulation: Amplitude Modulation- AM works by varying the strength of the transmitted signal in relation to the information being sent. Frequency Modulation-It is the process of conveying the information over a carrier wave by varying its instantaneous frequency . Phase modulation-Phase modulation (PM) is a form of modulation that represents information as variations in the instantaneous phase of a carrier wave. Internet in our daily Life Now, I would start to emphasise on the main topic of the term paper, Use of internet in our daily life. Around 10 years ago, hardly the 20% of the population of India would have heard about this word. Yet a lesser quantity would have used the internet even once. But now, imagining the life without internet is something which is really beyond our scope. It is the internet which has revolutionized the each and every sphere of our day to day life. How internet works? This is the diagram which tells us how the internet communication takes place. The key factor here is the ISP which helps to link between the user and the Main internet. Major ISPs in India: An ISP or the Internet Service Provider is some agency which links a user, who can be an individual or a group. An ISP may provide internet access through a dedicated line, a telephone line or the Wireless modems. A list of major ISPs in India is as below: BSNL MTNL Bharti Airtel Connect Idea InfoTech SIFY Reliance Tata Indicom BSNL and MTNL are the government sector companies; they together occupy 56% of the total market share. Airtel is the leader amongst others. Channels of internet access: Narrow-band telephone line- This is a particularly dial up type connection which provides a low bandwidth connection. The speed of the internet communication is a maximum of 56 kbps in this type of connection. This type of system uses a PSTN or PUBLIC SWITCHED TELEPHONE NETWORK. The user has to dial a number from the computer to get connected. A dial up modem in the computer encodes and decodes the packet signals, which are known as Internet Packet signals. This is a type of dial up modem which is used in the computers for dial up connections. This type of modem is generally internally fitted in the computers. All telephone lines work at a maximum signal speed of 64 kbps. 8 kbps has to be excluded out for the transfer guard band. As a result, the maximum possible speed in a dial up network can be 56kbps. But the major factor in this regard is that if there are a number of users, there would be traffic in the telephone exchange. As a result the speed would gradually decrease. It was often noticed in earlier days that during peak hours, the speed used to be around 10-15kbps while in non-peak hours; the speed could reach to around 40kbps. But it hardly reached to the top notch of 50+. The major drawback in this system that lead to its failure was not only the speed. This type of connection was billed in the terms of duration of connection. That means, whether it is transmitting or not, it will cost the user, regardless of the speed and amount of data transfer. The user was charged for net connection, as well as the telephone cost as a result, it would cause a high rise in the telephone bills of the users. Costs to the users: Till date, only BSNL and Connect have provided the dial up connection to the users. BSNL charges Rs. 6 per hour for the connection, and rupees 2 per 15 minutes of call connection. This implies that for one hour, a person is charged rupees 14. If the average speed is 40 kbps, the person can download 18 MB of data in an hour. But speed hardly reaches till 40 kbps. As a result, the fluctuation in the bandwidth would result it to be too expensive to the user. Present Scenario: At present, only BSNL is providing a dial up service. But this service has a limited number of users, mostly in the areas where the broadband has not reached, or the users who do not want to buy broadband due to very less usage. A majority of the user group has upgraded to the broadband internet. Future: The only dial up connection provider BSNL has decided to continue the dial up networking till the broadband reaches to the most remote areas. There is no scope of improvement in this channel of internet communication as it has already reached its limits. There is no chance of defying these limits. Advantages: This channel has practically no advantages over other channels of internet transmission, if we compare it to other types. This was the first form of internet communication to the public. This paved the ways for other types of internet. Wired Broadband Internet: This is the most used form of internet in the world. This type of internet is the most versatile and the most wide channel one, which can be transmitted over a wide variety of lines. They include the telephone lines, the television cable, dedicated lines etc. A broadband connection is the one which has a minimum bandwidth of 256 kbps. It is the high speed channel of internet communication. The major advantage of this network is that the number of users in this type of networks generally does not affect the speed. Also, the phone lines through which the line has been connected can be used both for phone as well as the internet connection simultaneously. It does not affect the quality in each of the channels as both of them work on completely different bandwidths. How Broadband Works A broadband connection works on the Digital Subscriber Line system. In this system, the internet signals are sent through the telephone cable on a completely higher frequency. Indian ISPs mostly use ADSL (Asymmetric DSL) system. In this type of system, the uplink and downlink bandwidths are different. The downlink is always much more than the uplink one. Bandwidths: Indian service providers give a bandwidth with starts from 256 kbps and at the most they give it to 4 Mbps. This bandwidth is very low as compared to the other developed countries where the bandwidth goes to around 7-50 Mbps. In Sri Lanka itself, the minimum broadband bandwidth is 8 Mbps. India has a lot to go in this context. Modems: Currently, Indian markets have two types of modems: Type-1 ADSL Modems: These are the LAN cable connection modems. These types of modems are used for wired connections. These modems modulate and demodulate the internet packet signals at the uplink and downlink frequency. These modems are connected to the computers through an 8-wire LAN cable. These modems have a strong security system. The reason is that these modems can be connected only through a cable. As such, the unauthorised access can be prevented. Most of the ISPs provide the modems with the service. The chief brands of Type-1 modems available in the market are: Huawei- Its a Chinese brand, the cheapest and the least reliable. It costs in the range of around Rs 1200. This is not a good brand, YET BSNL is providing these modems to maximise its profit. D-Link- This is a Taiwan made brand, comparatively better. It has some added security features like PSK. The cost is around Rs. 1400. UT STARCOM- this is one of the best brands of this type of modems available here. It is totally user customisable, has an upgradable firmware system and the host security features. It costs around Rs. 1500. Type-2 ADSL Modems- These types of modems are the WLAN enabled modems. These modems are comparatively less secure as the other counterparts, but are more easy to use as well as they comprise a wireless broadband network. They are sometimes also called as Wi-Fi routers. They have a range of around 100 metres of wireless LAN communication. They can connect a maximum of 20 computers to the maximum. The chief brands available are: D-Link- as discussed earlier, this type of modem has better security features. Costs around 2000 Rs. UT STARCOM- This is the best brand. Costs around 2400 Rs. Has a totally upgradable firmware system. Plus, this is the only modem in the category which gives a 3-level security. These levels are: Admin level: Admin can access, edit, reset, change, and control all the other terminals. User Level: They can just access the main security module, but can change, edit or reset their own module only. Support Level: it has equal privileges of an Admin, but only with his permission. WIRELESS BROADBAND: This is the newest entry in the segment of public sector broadband connection. In this type of broadband, the ISPs provide the broadband over the mobile telephone frequency channels. A SIM card is given to the user, which can be inserted in the simcard slot of the laptop of the user, or he can purchase a USB modem which is configured for the purpose. Currently Reliance, Aritel, Tata Photon and BSNL are in this market. This type of broadband is mostly costly, and the speeds vary from 256 kbps-1Mbps at the most. This is usually not value for money. Reason being a typical plan costs from Rs. 700-3000, which is too costly for a normal user. The costs of USB modems are also very high. As per 18/10/10, the prices are: BSNL- Rs.3400 for modem, and plans start from Rs.300 Reliance- 2800 for the modem and plans start from 500. Tata- 2400 for the modem, plans start from 350. Airtel- 3000 for the modem, plans start from Rs. 900. So, we can imagine that the plans are too costly for the reach of common man. This is the main reason why this segment is not so popular with the people. 3G communication in mobile pioneered by BSNL has brought a cheaper version of mobile broadband. This has achieved a bandwidth of maximum of 512 kbps and still has a scope of improvement. The best advantage is that the Plans start from just Rs. 25. THE FUTURE- OPTICAL FIBRES This channel of the internet communication is still not available in the public domain. Optical fibres work on the principal of the modulation of signal with the carrier frequencies of that of the spectrum of light. Light travels at the speed of 3108 m/s. as such, the data transfer in this case would be at a very high speed. This channel of transmission has not even been utilised to calculate its limits. The reason behing this is that we do not have such equipments that can transmit at such a high speed. Till date, data has been transferred through this channel at a maximum speed of 4 Gbps (gigabits per second). This is still a fraction of its limit. A single OFC can transmit thousands of channels without a single noise. Also, this channel has a negligible resistance. As such, data loss rates are very very low. It has been estimated that the OFCs can transmit internet at the speed of around 40 Tbps (tera bits per second). This is still an estimate. The original figure may go even higher. Currently, no public sector company in India is providing the OFC internet. Only the defence forces (Indian Army and Air Force) are using it. Limiting factors in the use of OFC: The reason that the OFC internet communication system is still in the pipleine is that the technology needed to harness this channel speed to the maximum is still not available. Light travels at a speed of 300000000 m/s. if the signals are modulated to the suitable carrier, then the signal travelling at such a fast speed would practically give a really fast communication. How internet has changed our lives? Today we are living in 21st century i.e. In science era. Science and technology has modernised our lives and has made our life full of comforts. Means of Telecommunication and means of transportation are really a god gift for us..we cant imagine our lives without internet, television, etc. Internet has brought us together. It has united the wider gulfs across the oceans. we can have our access to any other part of world by just sitting at our home. It provides us various facilities. A student can have its access to internet as well as a person working can also use this internet in its own way. It is beneficial for all. Communication: We used to write letters to stay in touch with those far away, and if our correspondent was very special, we would use our trusty film camera to take some photos before taking the resultant film to the camera shop for developing waiting anywhere from an hour to a week to get the prints. Wed then hand over the cash, go home, put everything in the envelope, stick a stamp on it and post it off. Nowadays, we grab our digital camera, take as many shots as we want, upload them directly on to our PCs, attach a copy to an e-mail and send it off into the ether. We can store, share, and order prints for our photographs from the same service. Google, Yahoo, Facebook, Twitter and countless other websites have made social networking as easy as it could be. One cannot be too far away from his near and dear ones. People from all age groups spend time over these sites. Not only this, celebrities, VIP dignitaries, government officials etc. have their own portals on sites like twitter. Blogging is the trend of the new generation and with the help of your blog, you can share your likes and dislikes with the world . Reservation , banking : Now Internet can be also used for banking , reservation purposes . You can operate your bank account from your pc, view the account reports, report etc. by just sitting at your home . Even Railway and Airline reservation can be done with the help of   a click . Now there is no need to stand in queues and wait . Just open the site, click and book and your work is done.   Even shopping can be done by sitting at a desktop. Business: Internet is also used for expanding your business by the help of a website . Now you can target a large variety of consumers from around the world for your business if you have a properly maintained website. Various sites provide the online shopping facilities like www.ebay.in, www.tradus.in etc. Just a matter of click, and we can buy all what we want.

Impact of Electric Vehicles Essays -- Environment, Energy, Global Clim

Today, energy security and global climate change are two major problems affecting people and the environment worldwide (IEA, 2010). These problems are highly integrated with each other and mitigating global climate change without affecting the energy security is becoming a significant challenge for many governments and policy makers in the twenty-first century (Brown & Sovacool, 2011). In recent years, energy security has become a major concern in many jurisdictions with increasing energy demand, rising energy costs, and energy production and supply issues (IEA, 2010). According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), Energy security can be described as, â€Å"the uninterrupted physical availability at a price which is affordable, while respecting environment concerns† (IEA, 2011). The global demand for energy is rapidly growing with increasing human population, urbanization and modernization across the world (Asif & Muneer, 2008). In the past two decades, the global primary energy consumption had increased by 45 %, and it is expected to continue to grow by 39 % over the next two decades (BP, 2011). Today, fossil fuels – notably oil, gas and coal, are the major sources of primary energy to meet the world energy requirements. In 2008, nearly 81% of the global primary energy needs were met by fossil fuels, representing oil - 33.2 %; coal - 27%, and natural gas - 21.1% [ref]. The fossil fuels accounted for the greatest share of global primary energy supply and the rest is met by hydro, nuclear, biomass, geothermal, wind and solar. According to the World Energy Outlook (WEO) 2011 Golden Age of Gas (GAS) scenario, fossil fuel supplies will continue to be the dominant energy sources and account for more than half of the increase of ... ...ain consistency of the analysis. †¢ Equal allocation: In this approach, it is assumed that the generated wind electricity is equally allocated to all the EVs regardless of individual requirements. †¢ Demand allocation: In this approach, it is assumed that the generated wind electricity is allocated to each EV based on its respective demand, such that charging the EVs with higher demand is preferred to charging the EVs with lower demand. This research also considers the effect of introducing electric vehicles for weekday commuting purposes in passenger transportation and discusses the overall carbon impact of commuting; the results are extrapolated for various commuting distances. This research work used Prince Edward Island, specifically the city of Summerside, as a case study, but the general approach can be applied to other cities, provinces or regions.

A Study of IKEA’s Product Design and Pricing Strategy Essay

IKEA’s competitive priority is based on producing quality products at a low price. This concept is exemplified in its’ corporate mantra † price with meaning†. This is achieved by creating inexpensive products without making its customers feel cheap. This manta is followed from design to the customer’s home. 2. Describe IKEA’s process for developing a new product? IKEA starts the process by picking what the new product will cost. This will help to determine color, materials used, and design. Next they choose a manufacturer using their network of manufactures. They do this by determining which manufacturer can most efficiently produce the new product. Next they design the product, keeping in mind efficiency, ie. Packaging, shipping ect. Every inch of the product is reviewed in order to maximize their ability to manufacture, ship and store the new product. Finally they ship it. While shipping, the key word is flat, in fact the flatter the better. From vacuum packing pillows to exclusively producing disassembled furniture, IKEA is committed to not shipping air. Lastly they must sell their new product. 3. What are additional features of the IKEA concept (beyond their design process) that contribute to creating exceptional value for the customer? The way they ship their products is clearly one of its greatest contributors to its low prices. By remaining flat, shipping only 65% full containers and by building its distribution centers near ports, railways, and highways IKEA is able to ship with great efficiency. They are able to ship the maximum amount of products, at the right time to the right stores keeping their prices 20 the 30 percent lower than their competition. 4. What would be important criteria for selecting a site for an IKEA store? IKEA stores require a large area to accommodate a large showroom, daycare and food court†¦

Preparation narrative report Essay Essays

Preparation narrative report Essay Essays Preparation narrative report Essay Paper Preparation narrative report Essay Paper My experience in shipboard is really memorable for me. every twenty-four hours your traveling to prize it. My experience goes this manner. trip to Manila. I’m really excited and when at the port i’m really defeated because our CoOJT’s from LPU Laguna is some sort of â€Å"maarte† and we met our STO Sir Joepet a really sort STO and I truly like him. When we embark at the ship I feel a small spot nervous but non because of I’m of I’m afraid that the ship is traveling to drop while afoot I’m afraid of what if I can’t do all undertaking that they are traveling to give us. After repairing our things we go directly to the multi intent room for our orientation. after that our STO gave us a clip to familiarisation we proceed to the Island Fiesta where the tourer adjustment eat their repast. We woke up really early and to be exact 2am for us non to be tardily in our responsibility. We are 14 so we 7 braces and my spouse is Erika my beloved friend. Our first responsibility is at the Island Fiesta. its truly a Fiesta because of 80 % of the riders ate at Island Fiesta. our clip of responsibility is 10hrs but its s broken sched were in we have a clip to rest. in Island Fiesta it measures how long your forbearance is. how good you are in selling and converting power gross revenues talk. at first I’m shy but when I find it exciting and merriment I truly bask it I truly do my best to name all attendings of the riders and we have a good gross revenues. after that I was assigned to dining and I do snoging out are foremost complicated and difficult to make but at the terminal I enjoy even if the other riders are annoying and raging. Second responsibility is housekeeping I truly bask it particularly the rubbish out things and bed doing even though the one casual is snob I still bask and in our 3rd responsibility in Quik Mart we sell bites and beverages we shout and shout walk and walk. sometimes could by riders and sometimes the riders get mad of us because we can’t understand them. and their pronunciations is really difficult to understand. Forth responsibility at the front office I got huffy because in whole responsibility we merely stand at that place after our responsibility my legs achings. Our 5th responsibility is at the galley or kitchen I truly bask it the chefs are really sort they are all accessible and amusing they make us laugh the whole responsibility. and the undertaking they gave us to slit 100 kg bittergourd and skining other staff. And nutrient in ship is errr! sometimes tasteless sometimes they are really rich in salt. and the nutrient is merely the same the whole OJT. And the casuals ar e really nice and sort unlike the other trainees seems they are the director or supervisor. -Angelica DominguezHRM 3A â€Å"My Magical Experience on Shipboard† May 14. 2014 was the twenty-four hours when we leave Nueva Ecija and travel to Tondo. Manila ( North Harbor Pier4 ) to get down our Practicum1 at Ship. On this twenty-four hours besides was our first ocean trip ( Manila to Cagayan de Oro ) . when we already board at the ship. the first thing we do is run into and recognize our STO Mr. Joepet Gallego discussed and issued the regulations and ordinances while were on the ship every bit good as our agenda and we besides had our circuit on ship to familiarized every section of the ship. On the following twenty-four hours. May 15. 2014 we already started our first responsibility at Island Fiesta nutrient tribunal wherein we bussed out. we served etc. . . On my first twenty-four hours on the ship I fell tiring. but when the twenty-four hours had been passed I enjoyed every second. minute. hr and yearss with my co-trainees. I already learned to love what I am making because they all treated me good particularly casuals. they treated us good. We learned a batch from them and we will neer bury this experience. I can state everybody that this experience is charming because it helps me to turn up and go a full-blown one. -Erica PortacioHRM 3A I was so aroused that we experienced being a portion of 2GO TRAVEL. it was so nice because all of them the insouciant. the crew particularly to our STO. all of them. they are so really sort. They portion us their cognition and experiences at the ship. During the 1st and last twenty-four hours of our responsibility we enjoyed being a trainee together with my spouse. I learned a batch on this preparation that you need to handle all riders good. esteem them and demo them that they are welcome. and even when rider say bad words all you can make is smile show to them that looks like nothings happen. I experience in this ship that its difficult to go a employee because even they are tired no affair what’you need to welcome them with a beautiful smiling. This On-the-job preparation experienced was really happy because it was my second clip to go on board. I could likely state that I truly learned a batch of things there’and I can besides state acquisition is non merely seen in the four corners of the room. I am hapy and proud because we finish our responsibility and it is a great memory to retrieve in our college life. -Princess TagaroHRM 3B Having my OJT at 2GO Travel is truly enjoy. I’ve learned a batch particularly in clip direction. We duty in the 6o’clock in the forenoon. so we need to wake up early. We learned how to socialise in other people. I gained more cognition about my class. I gained more friends because the bonding in our room. And we enjoy to travel other topographic points here in the Philippines. When we are on the ship. they taught us about the history. mission and vision of the company. corporate values. vass. installations and services of our prescribed logistic company. They besides told us about the preparation regulations and ordinances. basic house regulations and criterions like the criterions of courtesy and decorousness on board. unvarying demands and grooming criterions. Besides familiarize with the safety dismay. marks and symbols. Most of all. we are really happy because our Shipboard Training Officer is really nice. he take attention of us while we are on our responsibility. And all of the employee in the ship is really friendly. This is really memorable experience in my OJT. -Mariel MirandaHRM 3B As an Hrm Student. we were required to take On-the-job preparation related to our class. I decided to take my Ojt at MVSJP II. a vas from 2Go travel. I started my Ojt on May 14. 2014. On our first twenty-four hours on the ship. we took a talk headed by our STO or Shipboard Training Officer. Mr. Joepet Gallego. so he gave us our assignments of responsibilities. Our responsibilities revolved on Food and Beverage. Housekeeping. and Front Office Department. On the Food and Beverage Department. I have experienced a batch of plants from snoging out dishes. functioning nutrients. puting up the tabular array. and kitchen plants. I can state that I’ve learned clump of things there like the proper manner of speaking to the clients and to work grace under force per unit area. On the Housekeeping Department. we cleaned. took out rubbish. and do â€Å" bed making† on the different adjustments of the ship. I have applied my cognition on bed doing which I have learned from school and made my work easier. Besides. on this section. we have assigned to help riders to their suites or adjustments. this was really enjoying because I was able to run into different people. On the Front Office. it was a must to ever have on your smiling in every state of affairs. I have learned here to ever remain unagitated and polite to the invitees whatever their temper was. I have besides learned the proper manner of preparing myself. The whole Ojt experience for me was really ambitious but fun. I have practiced and developed a batch of my accomplishments. As a trainee. I’ve learned to follow purely on instructions. I improved my ego assurance and somehow became more sociable to people. I’ve learned to go flexible. to move professional and be polite at all times. I became cognizant to handling the customer’s right. I’ve learned to bask my work and my workplace. and to bask working with the people around me. I can state that I gained a batch of cognition that I can use in the close hereafter. and I can state that I chose the right the class for me. 2go Travel’s MVSJP II offers good working environment. which made my experience really basking. -Samantha Ellaine BeltranHRM 3B Performs other maps as may be given by my supervisor from clip to clip and keep cleanliness and methodicalness of assigned at all times. serves repasts to the riders following to the proper nutrient handling processs and aids in the requisition and issue of stock from the shop room and performs implicative merchandising technique to increase gross revenues and ensures that no unauthorised forces take out functioning from the nutrient on show for sale and free repasts and line performs other maps as may be given by the housework supervisor from to clip. -Verna SalamancaHRM 3B The first clip I saw the ship I felt nervous and aroused. when the clip the ship is ongoing that dark I don’t know what I truly experience. The dark besides I can’t sleep because I feel a small round scared because of the ship is rocking. The first twenty-four hours of my responsibility is in Quik mart. my spouse is Benjie Cardenas. He is besides my spouse in my whole OJT in the Saint Pope John Paul II. Every twenty-four hours in my responsibility we enjoyed together. the casual of the ship and my carbon monoxide trainee from other school. I’m really grateful. blessed and happy for being a portion of the shipboard preparation. 15 yearss working difficult but full of larning and besides felicity. A batch of minutes one time in a life-time. I can state that my OJT will neer bury in my whole life. -Byron MacalinaoHRM 2B My on-the-job preparation experienced is really happy because that is my first clip to go the diff. parts of the Philippines. At first. I felt so aroused and besides nervous. Our first twenty-four hours in the ship is merely an orientation. My first experience in OJT preparation. me and Byron assigned in Quik Mart. I feel diffident and nervous. the we sell dressing. we enjoy it because purportedly turned merely similar gypsy. Second twenty-four hours in housekeeping besides we assigned. We meet Sir Toto. he is the kindest crew. he taught the technique in how to bed doing etc. We experienced to wipe up a stairway. we besides assign ports. It is non easy because it’s excessively many riders need to help but it is all right because we requested the hotel director assigned. We besides experienced the Island Fiesta hard because excessively many riders eating. Besides taught proper coach out. I enjoy it even fatigue. We besides dropped in Cagayan to purchase goods and besides flesh out. nutrient trip. The street nutrient in Cagayan was really delightful. Then in Cebu we go to the most of import antediluvian church and the Magellan’s Cross. -Benjie CardenasHRM 2B During my OJT. I learned how to be a responsible in my ain manner. on the first twenty-four hours of my OJT. I feel nervous but I’m so excited. I learned how to love. attention and esteem our client. Me and my spouse experience or meet some tests or jobs but we solve it because we helped each other. This OJT is unforgettable minute and I can state that this is one of the best portion of my college life. -Jommel CabaHRM 2A I have a batch of experience at the 2GO Travel Shipboard. First. to entertain guest. if what they need in the forepart desk. Second. on how to function the nutrient and to bus out. Third. to sell a merchandise even though it’s expensive to the other invitee. but they obligated to but it. Fourth. on how to bed doing. to clean the cabin or adjustment. Fifth. at the galley or kitchen. I cut a batch of veggies and sometimes my ain finger ? . And of class. the casuals and our STO. their so good to us. they like friends. brothers and sisters to us. But all in all I enjoyed. that was a best experient I’ve of all time feel. I will non bury those experience at 2GO Travel. and I will missed them. Thank YOU! ! -Princess Cammille FerrerHRM 2D At first I feel nervous because I don’t have any thought on what we do while were remaining at that place but so there’s a feeling that I’m so excited to experiencing onboard. Then. we met Mr. Joepet Gallego our Shipboard Training Officer ( STO ) . His a nice individual. he tours us onboard so he learn us everything onboard. adjustment and other installations. On my first responsibility. we assigned at the front office. I feel world-weary ? but the twenty-four hours past. we all acquiring haggard. we need to woke up every bit early as 3am to set up ourselves for mundane responsibility. I experience a batch of thing that on shipboard experience. At first. yeah it’s so difficult to work particularly on Island Fiesta but clip after clip it’s become easy because we enjoyed what we’re making. Two hebdomads was done. I feel bad because I know I will missed my yearss with other OJT’s. the casuals that teach us how to work easy and most partic ularly I missed my new friends. the individual who make me laugh every clip even we’re tired we have a clip to speak on everyone’s experienced ? -Jaymie NatividadHRM 2D Last May 14. our OJT start. The name of our ship is MV St. Pope John Paul II. During the twenty-four hours of my responsibilities I felt so nervous and excited particularly on the first twenty-four hours because I am a first timer so they teach me how to help invitee and function client. Then after a long clip of being there I learned the diff. ways/ techniques on how to cover with the client. Having a successfully completed 300 hours of OJT on the ship I learned a batch of things like on how to socialise with other people. I easy command my pique to the clients that are really demanding and non speak nicely. -Aira Jane CanlasHRM 2D During our On the Job Training at MV Saint Pope John Paul II. we were assign at eight different types of countries at the shipboard like Front Office. Quick Mart. Galley. Horizon. Island Fiesta. Cabin. Mega Value and Super Value. Every twenty-four hours we have a rotary motion for those different countries. First hebdomad of our practicum at the shipboard was non easy for me because every twenty-four hours we have to the different sort of undertaking for that country. so the crew teach us like on housework at the cabin we learned the bed devising. towel folding and on different suites we besides do cleaning riders room. the comfort room and we besides do junk out. At the Front Desk. we were great and help the riders about their concerned. at Restaurant like Horizon and Island Fiesta we were functioning nutrients for the clients. bass out. rinsing dishes and cleaning the tabular array. we are besides selling nutrients and drinks at the Quik Mart. All Crew teach us good for what we were making on their country and they treat us like their household besides our STO Mr. Joepet Gallego who rounded every hr to see were making. look into our attending and attention for us when one of us are ill. we met a batch of pupil in different schools they are our co-trainees. Practicum at MVSJP was unforgettable we were good trained and larn to be organized for every facet. We learned to be patient and command our pique because we were fall ining a batch of people every twenty-four hours who have different attitude. For all of that we heighten our assurance. socialisation and accomplishments. -Nelissa PazHRM 2D DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES A. Front OfficeApply client service accomplishmentsFacilitate enrollment and rooming-in of inviteesHandle guest’s petitions and enquiriesManage safety sedimentation boxes and lost and found serviceAid in the in-house amusement servicesClean and form the Front Office B. First Class Dining Saloon/ HorizonApply client service accomplishmentsCarry out nutrient assigningTake guests’ ordersServe guests’ ordersBus out dishesWash the dishesClean the First Class Dining Saloon C. Economy Dining Saloon/ Island FiestaApply client service accomplishmentsCarry out nutrient assigningCarry out sanitation and hygiene criterions on Food and Beverage countries Bus out dishesWash the dishesClean the Economy Dining Saloon D. Ship Shop/ Quik MartApply client service accomplishmentsSell MerchandiseClean Ship ShopMake gross revenues study E. GalleyCarry out review of finished merchandise prior to serving to clients Apply proper managing of nutrients for bringingClean cutter. pots and the galley equipmentCarry out proper storage processs like screening. labelling. FIFO Method Prepare natural stuffs for nutrient processing F. Housekeeping- CabinApply client service accomplishmentsPerform housework reviewsClean guests’ adjustmentsClean public toilets in cabinsMake-up bed G. Housekeeping-Tatami/ Mega ValueApply client service accomplishmentsPerform housework reviewsClean guests’ adjustmentsClean public comfort roomClean hallway countries H. Housekeeping-Economy/ Super ValueClean hallway countriesClean anterooms and sing decksApply client service accomplishmentsPerform housework reviewsClean guests’ adjustmentsClean public comfort room

Man with the Movie Camera and the Male Gaze Essays

Man with the Movie Camera and the Male Gaze Essays Man with the Movie Camera and the Male Gaze Paper Man with the Movie Camera and the Male Gaze Paper Essay Topic: Invisible Man Man with the Movie Camera: The Male Gaze Between every audience and a film there will always lay a camera; this camera may seem transparent or not visible, but nevertheless there is a camera and a cameraperson filming the scenes. Laura Mulvey, within her essay Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema, coins the term â€Å"male gaze,† where the intermediary, the camera, is metaphorically transformed to the eyes of a male, changing how we view cinema, as well as both men and women immortalized on the silver screen. Dziga Vertov, a Soviet director, wrote and directed an avant-garde, silent documentary film called Man with the Movie Camera in 1929. Despite being famous for its anti-narrative cinematical elements, the film includes a number of narrative developments of human movement in the Soviet Union, which portray power struggles between the government, men, and women. Vertov’s Man with the Movie Camera reflects Mulvey’s psychoanalytic male gaze by abstaining from the use of a visible subject or actors, its use of a wide and unusual variety of cinematic camera techniques, and a male perspective. Man with the Movie Camera lacks a clear or constant visible subject or actor, and thus supports Mulvey’s theory of the male gaze in cinema. The film, instead of having recognizable characters or actors, attempts to capture the life of a camera man, very much from the camera’s perspective. Vertov includes shots of the titular camera men within the film, but many of the scenes are montage or unstaged clips of daily life. By not utilizing strongly developed characters, the audience does not have a particular perspective to view the film, other than the exclusively male cameramen, but, by including the cameramen, with their cameras, filming within the film, as well having the audience view another audience watching the same movie, Vertov brings attention to the gaze itself; that there is, in this case, a man looking through the camera and creating the scene. Mulvey says that â€Å"There are circumstances in which looking itself is a source of pleasure, just as, in the reverse formation, there is pleasure in being looked at† (200). The male gaze in the example of scenes of cameramen filming with the film itself represents this pleasure of looking and of capturing a moment. Mulvey goes on to say that: â€Å"At first glance, the cinema would seem to be remote from the undercover world of the surreptitious observation of an unknowing and unwilling victim. What is seen of the screen is so manifestly shown. But the mass of mainstream film, and the conventions within which it has consciously evolved, portray a hermetically sealed world which unwinds magically, indifferent to the presence of the audience, producing for them a sense of separation and playing on their voyeuristic fantasy† (201). Man with the Movie Camera seems to counteract the illusion of cinema by drawing attention to the act of filming and the cameramen themselves and a lack characters. Furthermore, because the film is a silent documentary, though an orchestral soundtrack was produced to accompany the film, the characters that are present have no voice or audible connection to the audience, thus without a consistency of characters nor a voice attached to any of the subjects within the film the audience becomes aware that the camera can ultimately be an intermediary between the cameramen and them, and the illusion of narrative cinema is lost. Mulvey states that in film women are typically the objects, rather than the possessors, of gaze because the control of the camera, and thus the gaze, comes from the assumption of heterosexual men as the default target audience for most film genres, in this case, as a result of the male cameramen present in the film (200). Though there are no consistent human characters with Man with the Movie Camera, the camera itself seems become a subject itself. In the opening scene of the movie one of the various cameramen is positioned, by being superimposed, on top of another large, mountainous camera. In later scenes within the film, Vertov seeks to emphasize the power of the visual reach of the camera; it can go anywhere and be anywhere. For example, Vertov creates scenes in which the film superimposes a cameraman inside a glass of, women waking up and getting dressed, and a woman giving birth, and the baby being bathed. In another scene the camera is subject to simple animation in which it even evolves human movement like its cameramen. These scenes portray the gaze of the camera, thus the gaze of the man behind the camera – a literal male gaze, as having the power to film and objectify anything, from this the camera itself becomes the subject amongst a lack of actors. Man with the Movie Camera utilizes an unusually broad range of cinematic technique and staging, which reflect Mulvey’s male gaze of cinema. A majority of the scenes in the film appear to be completely not staged, as the audience is aware that the cameramen being filmed are simply attempting to gain shots of people of the Soviet Union in their everyday life and routine. By creating a seemingly realistic shot, Vertov changes â€Å"the function of film†¦ to reproduce as accurately as possible the so-called natural conditions of human perception. Camera technology†¦ and camera movements†¦, combined with invisible editing†¦ all tend to blur the limits of screen† (204). In one clip, Mikhail Kaufman, one of the cameramen, as well as Vertov’s editor, sets his camera up in a train car to film passengers sitting in a train car. Despite the people in the train car appearing staged, one child waves to the camera shyly, making the scene lose its formal, undisturbed feeling. In a similar way to voyeurism and the male gaze, Mulvey says â€Å"that of the spectator in direct scopophilic contact with the female form displayed for his enjoyment (connoting male fantasy) and that of the spectator fascinated with the image of his like set in an illusion of natural space, and through him gaining control and possession of the woman within the diegesis† (204). In the case of Kaufman filming what we presume as a diegesis of natural space, according to Mulvey the male gaze of the camera, the cameramen, and the audience creates a spectacle of the natural, or unstaged, world, which, as Mulvey puts in Freudian terms, creates a voyeuristic male fantasy. The film itself does contain sexual imagery, concurrent with the male fantasy. Scenes of a camera set up in a room continuously films women waking up and getting dressed, then undressed later, which literally fulfills the fantasy of voyeuristic male fantasy. Similar to the concept of the’ peeping to,’ The Man with the Movie Camera creates an unstaged world which entertains the male gaze. Amongst other cinematic techniques include many scenes involving track shots. Track shots, so named because the camera is usually set along a track in order to control its movement, mirror a gentle progression of movement, not entirely unlike human walking or running. In this sense, the film once again recreates a natural world through comparably human movement. Other techniques, such as extreme close ups, for example of people sitting in the audience viewing the movie, the same film, within the movie in the heater present the audience with another scene in which the viewer is associated with the active subject; the camera and its gaze – or the gaze of the titular characters, and the passive, objectified individuals, as well as the masses. Lastly, Vertov’s Man with the Movie Camera reflects Mulvey’s male gaze through it s portrayal of men and women through objectification. The basis of this argument comes from the assumption that the audience will take the perspective of the cameramen seen filming within the movie, whom are the only consistent characters, thus the audience will take on the gaze of the male. Mulvey says â€Å"the man controls the film fantasy and also emerges as the representative of power in a further sense: as the bearer of the look of the spectator, transferring it behind the screen to neutralize the extra diegetic tendencies†¦ as spectacle† (204). One of the first scenes in which women are visible on screen, is a montage of footage of cameramen working to achieve difficult or risky shots, such as sitting in front of a moving train or filming in a moving vehicle, spliced with scenes of women putting on pantyhose and braziers. This comes as a reflection of the male gaze by objectifying women through the comparison between men working with cameras and taking dangerous shots and women’s legs. In one, the men are usually facing the camera or their faces are at the very least visible to the viewer whilst they are filming, yet for the women their faces are never visible throughout this montage, only their bodies. This works on different levels to support a male gaze; it solidifies the association of the audience with the male by both showing men’s faces, and their gaze, and their relationship with the camera; women are not shown to be even capable of a gaze nor able to be equals with the male gaze by meeting it with their own. According to Mulvey, the male gaze is based upon the theory that â€Å"the paradox of phallocentrism in all its manifestations is that it depends on the image of the castrated woman to give order and meaning to its world. An idea of woman stands as a linchpin to the system: it is her lack [of a phallus] that produces the phallus as a symbolic presence; it is her desire to make good the lack that the phallus signifies† (198). Through this reasoning, The Man with the Movie Camera, no matter how artificial this montage may be interpreted, objectifies women as both a threat of castration and sexual objects, and portrays men as the both the men behind the camera and connected to the actively looking audience. Despite much of the film being nstaged, The Man with the Movie Camera contains a few scenes in which the events are staged or choreographed. The scene mentioned earlier, of the women getting dressed, is one of the few obvious examples of staging within the film, as well as a scene in which chess pieces are being collected in the middle of the chess board. By having scenes that are obviously staged or choreographed, especially amongst a vast majority of film that is natural, or, Vertov emphasizes such objectification. Dziga Vertov’s Man with a Movie Camera comes to the viewer as a reflection Laura Mulvey’s psychological male gaze by having no consistent characters or narrative development, unusual cinematic and plot techniques, and by utilizing an objectifying male gaze. Vertov’s film, much like a majority of film of the silver screen from Hollywood’s day and age, clearly had examples of a male gaze a theory from Mulvey, a much more contemporary writer, despite many of its non-traditional, anti-narrative structure.